论文投稿_医学论文投稿_核心期刊,职称论文投稿发表_论文部落

　　摘要:农业景观中的自然、半自然生境及其上的植物群落对维持农业生态系统功能意义重大。为了解黄河下游典型平原农业景观中非农生境植物多样性特征，在对研究区景观格局分析的基础上，使用典型样地法对区域内农业景观中主要自然、半自然生境（包括林地、树篱、田间道路、沟渠等）进行调查。结果显示：研究区总体上为农业景观，居民点和林地斑块散布其间；区内植物科的地理分布以世界分布和泛热带分布为主，属的地理成分复杂，具有中国15个种子植物属分布区类型中的13个，以温带分布、世界分布和泛热带分布为主，总体上以广布种为主，优势科属明显，缺少特有种；林地和树篱具有较高的物种丰富度和多样性，沟渠和林地的物种均匀度和群落盖度最高，田间道路上群落组成的变化幅度和分化程度最大(/3多样性指数最高）；林地、树篱和田间道路等生境间的群落相似性极高，但其群落盖度和优势种组成具有显著差异，沟渠作为一种特殊生境与其他生境间相似性较低。研究表明，在黄河下游平原农业景观中，林地和树篱在物种多样性维持中作用较大,沟渠为水生和湿生植物提供了庇护所,不同生境间极高的群落相似性仅是物种组成名录的反映，而其生态功能存在显著差异。未来区内的生物多样性保护应重在生态系统功能和服务的维持及提高，而如何进行景观要素配置，才能兼顾农业生产力的可持续性和生态系统功能维持，尚需进一步探讨。
　　关键词：物种多样性;景观格局;植物区系;群落相似性;黄河下游平原
　　Plantspeciesofthenon-agriculturalhabitatsinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiverplainagro
-landscape
　　LUXunling,LIANGGuofu1,TANGQian1,DINGShengyan,LIQianxi2,ZHANGXiaoqing
　　AbstractIThestabilizationandsustainabilityoftheagro-ecosystemfunctionsandservicesare
thebasisofhumansurvivalandhumanwell-being.Naturalandsemi?aturalhabitatsoftheagro-lan
dscape,aswellastheassociatedplantcommunities,haveimportantecologicalfunctionsfortheag
ro-ecosystem.Constructoneofagro-landscapeisveryhelpfultopromoteagriculturalproductivitya
ndtheprotectbiodiversityandecosystemfunctions.However,thedistributionalandcompositional
patternsofplantspeciesinagro-ecosystemfunctionsarestillunclear.Inordertobetterunderstandt
helandscapepatternsandplantcommunitycharacteristicsofthenon-agriculturalhabitatsinthelow
erreachesoftheYellowRiverplain,atotalof26plotsarrangedinagridweresetupinFengqiucountyo
fHenanProvince.Withintheseplots,thevegetationinnaturalandsemi-laturalhabitatsoftheagro-la
ndscapewasinvestigatedbyusingtheBraun-Blanquetmethod.Thesurveyedhabitatsweremain
lyincludingtheartificialforests,hedges,fieldroads,ditches.Theresultsareasfollows：
　　(1)thestudyareaismainlydominatedbyagro-landscape,theresidentialareaandforestpatch
esarescatteredintheagro-landscape(2)thefloraanalysisshowedthatatotalof38families,107genera,
127specieswerefoundedinthestudyarea.Thecosmopolitan(15families,39.5%)andpantropic
distribution(14families,36.8%)aremainlydistributiontypesofthefamilies.Thecomplexlygeograph
icalcompositionofthegeneracomprises13of15distributiontypesofChineseseedplants,inwhichthe
temperate,cosmopolitanandpantropicdistributionarethedominateddistributiontypes(71genera,69.
84%).Ingeneral,itisshowedthatthewidespreadspeciesaredominatinginthestudyarea,andthedomin
antfamiliesandgeneraareobviously,butlackofendemicspecies；(3)theartificialforestsandhedgesha
vethehighestspeciesrichnessanddiversitycomparedwiththeotherkindsofnon-agriculturalhabita
ts.Whereasthehighestspeciesevennessandcoverageappearedintheditchesandartificialforests,an
dthefieldroadshavehighestvariabilityanddifferentiationofthecommunitycomposition(withahighest(3
-diversityindex)；(4)theresultsaboutthecommunitysimilarityanalysisshowedthattheartificialforests,
hedgesandfieldroadshaveaveryhighsimilarity,bycontrast,theditcheshasalowsimilarity,thedifferenc
eismainlyattributedtothespecialcharacteristicofit.However,thecommunitysimilarityamongdifferentb
iotopewasjustthereflectofspecieslist,theecologicalfunctionsofthemaredifferentobviously.According
totheaboveresults,wefoundthattheartificialforestsandhedgeshaveanequallyimportantroleinspecie
sconservationoftheagro-landscapeofthelowerreachofYellowRiverplain,duetoidenticalspeciesdivers
ityofthem.whileditchesprovidedashelterforthehydrophytesandhygrophytes.Furthermore,iftakingintoacc
ountthemaintenanceofagriculturalproductionandecologicalfunctionsunderagro-landscapeplanningan
dmanagementofthestudyareainthefuture,theconstructionofhedgecorridorsshouldbeagoodchoice
.Forartificialforestsitwouldbebettertomaintainhigherspeciesdiversitytoimprovetheecologicalfunctio
nsbyappropriatelytransformingtheforests'structureandspeciescomposition.Futurestudiesareneed
edtoexaminehowagriculturallandscapesassembleprocessesmaintainbothagriculturalproductivitya
ndecosystemfunctioning.
　　KeyWordsIspeciesdiversity/landscapepattern/flora/similarityofcommunity/lowerreachesoftheY
ellowRiverplain