4展望
奶牛乳腺细菌感染可导致不同类型乳房炎的发生。这些差异是以不同的细菌在乳腺活化先天免疫反应为基础的。被感染乳腺中,细胞因子和SCC最终决定乳房炎的严重程度和发展速度,这有助于解释为什么大肠杆菌比金黄色葡萄球菌引起的乳房炎更急、更严重。目前对乳腺感染其他病原体,比如链球菌、支原体、真菌等所引发的防御机制研究还不深入,需要进一步探索。
参考文献:
[1]雍康.奶牛S100A12基因克隆、原核表达及表达产物抗菌活性分析[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2011.
[2]SCHUKKENYH,G?譈NTHERJ,FITZPATRICKJ,etal.Host-responsepatternsofintramammaryinfectionsindairycows[J].VeterinaryImmunologyandImmunopathology,2011,144(3-4):270-289.
[3]PETZLW,ZERBEH,G?譈NTHERJ,etal.EscherichiacolibutnotStaphylococcusaureustriggersanearlyincreasedexpressionoffactorscontributingtotheinnateimmunedefenseintheudderofthecow[J].VeterinaryResearch,2008,39(2):18.
[4]AKIRAS,UEMATSUS,TAKEUCHIO.Pathogenrecognitionandinnateimmunity[J].Cell,2006,124(4):783-801.
[5]WELLNITZO,BRUCKMAIERRM.Theinnateimmuneresponseofthebovinemammaryglandtobacterialinfection[J].TheVeterinaryJournal,2012,192(2):148-152
[6]STRANDBERGY,GRAYC,VUOCOLOT,etal.Lipopolysaccharideandlipoteichoicacidinducedifferentinnateimmuneresponsesinbovinemammaryepithelialcells[J].Cytokine,2005,
31(1):72–86.
[7]PAAPEMJ,BANNERMANDD,ZHAOX,etal.Thebovineneutrophil:Structureandfunctioninbloodandmilk[J].VeterinaryResearch,2003,34(5):597-627.
[8]BANNERMANDD,PAAPEMJ,LEEJW,etal.EscherichiacoliandStaphylococcusaureuselicitdifferentialinnateimmuneresponsesfollowingintramammaryinfection[J].ClinicalandDiagnosticLaboratoryImmunology,2004,11(3):463-472.
[9]GONENE,VALLON-EBERHARDA,ELAZARS,etal.Toll-likereceptor4isneededtorestricttheinvasionofEscherichiacoliP4intomammaryglandepithelialcellsinamurinemodelofacutemastitis[J].CellularMicrobiology,2007,9(12):2826-2838.
[10]GRIESBECK-ZILCHB,MEYERHHD,K?譈HNCH,etal.StaphylococcusaureusandEscherichiacolicausedeviatingexpressionprofilesofcytokinesandlactoferrinmessengerribonucleicacidinmammaryepithelialcells[J].JournalofDairyScience,2008,91(6):2215-2224.
[11]WELLNITZO,ARNOLDET,BRUCKMAIERRM.Lipopolysa
-ccharideandlipoteichoicacidinducedifferentimmuneresponsesinthebovinemammarygland[J].JDairySci,2011,94(11):5405-5412.
[12]SCHMITZS,PFAFFLMW,MEYERHHD,etal.Short-termchangesofmRNAexpressionofvariousinflammatoryfactorsandmilkproteinsinmammarytissueduringLPS-inducedmastitis[J].DomesticAnimalEndocrinology,2004,26(2):111-126.
[13]ALLUWAIMIAM,LEUTENEGGERCM,FARVERTB,etal.ThecytokinemarkersinStaphylococcusaureusmastitisofbovinemammarygland[J].JournalofVeterinaryMedicine,SeriesB:InfectiousDiseasesandVeterinaryPublicHealth,2003,50(3):105-111.
[14]YANGW,ZERBEH,PETZLW,etal.BovineTLR2andTLR4properlytransducesignalsfromStaphylococcusaureusandE.coli,butS.aureusfailstobothactivateNF-kappaBinmammaryepithelialcellsandtoquicklyinduceTNF-alphaandinterleukin-8(CXCL8)expressionintheudder[J].MolecularImmunology,2008,45(5):1385-1397.
[15]BOUGARNS,CUNHAP,HARMACHEA,etal.MuramyldipeptidesynergizeswithStaphylococcusaureuslipoteichoicacidtorecruitneutrophilsinthemammaryglandandtostimulatemammaryepithelialcells[J].ClinicalandVaccineImmunology,2010,17(11):1797-1809.
[16]WELLNITZO,REITHP,HAASSC,etal.Immunerelevantgeneexpressionofmammaryepithelialcellsandtheirinfluenceonleukocytechemotaxisinresponsetodifferentmastitispathogens[J].VeterinarniMedicina,2006,51(4):125-132.
[17]RAINARDP,FROMAGEAUA,CUNHAP,etal.Staphylococcusaureuslipoteichoicacidtriggersinflammationinthelactatingbovinemammarygland[J].VeterinaryResearch,2008,39(5):52.
[18]RAMBEAUDM,ALMEIDARA,PIGHETTIGM,etal.Dynamicsofleukocytesandcytokinesduringexperimentally-inducedStreptococcusuberismastitis[J].VeterinaryImmunologyandImmunopathology,2003,96(3):193-205.
[19]WELLNITZO,BERGERU,SCHAERENW,etal.MastitisseverityinducedbytwoStreptococcusuberisstrainsisreflectedbythemammaryimmuneresponseinvitro[J].SchweizArchTierheilkd,2012,154(8):317-323.
[20]BANNERMANDD.Pathogen-dependentinductionofcytokinesandothersolubleinflammatorymediatorsduringintramammaryinfectionofdairycows[J].JournalofAnimalScience,2008,87(13):10-25.
[21]LEEJW,BANNERMANDD,PAAPEMJ,etal.CharacterizationofcytokineexpressioninmilksomaticcellsduringintramammaryinfectionswithEscherichiacoliorStaphylococcusaureusbyreal-timePCR[J].VeterinaryResearch,2006,37(2):219-229.
[22]LAHOUASSAH,MOUSSAYE,RAINARDP,etal.DifferentialcytokineandchemokineresponsesofbovinemammaryepithelialcellstoStaphylococcusaureusandEscherichiacoli[J].Cytokine,2007,38(1):12-21.
[23]WENZJR,FOXLK,MULLERFJ,etal.Factorsassociatedwithconcentrationsofselectcytokineandacutephaseproteinsindairycowswithnaturallyoccurringclinicalmastitis[J].JournalofDairyScience,2010,93(6):2458-2470.
[24]SURIYASATHAPORNW,SCHUKKENYH,NIELENM,etal.Lowsomaticcellcount:Ariskfactorforsubsequentclinicalmastitisinadairyherd[J].JournalofDairyScience,2000,83(6):1248-1255.
[25]DJABRIB,BAREILLEN,BEAUDEAUF,etal.Quartermilksomaticcellcountininfecteddairycows:Ameta-analysis[J].VeterinaryResearch,2002,33(4):335-357.
[26]BANNERMANDD,PAAPEMJ,GOFFJP,etal.InnateimmuneresponsetointramammaryinfectionwithSerratiamarcescensandStreptococcusuberis[J].VeterinaryResearch,2004,35(6):681-700.