时间:2013-11-05 16:09 文章来源:http://www.lunwenbuluo.com 作者:何丽新 莫桂云 王雪飞 点击次数:
摘要:听力是一定语境下的一种语言交流方式。也是再日常生活中最经常使用的语言技巧。如果语言学习者想提高自身的语言能力,提高听力能力是必须的。语篇分析是一门新兴起的理论还部完善的学科。但是他开辟了英语教学中的新领域特别是在听力方面。在语篇分析中,图式理论,关联论,连贯理论都是这一领域的基本理论。
关键词:听力语篇,语篇分析,词,句子,听力语篇
引言
英语听力也是一种交流方式。这是我们在日常生活中使用最频繁的语言技巧,如果语言学习者想要提升自己的语言能力,听力能力的提升是非常必要的。英语听力是五大语言技能之一,是英语教学非常关键的部分,在新修订的"大学英语教学要求"中明确指出教学目标是使学生具有综合运用能力,特别是听说能力。英语听力教学过程中,我们应该考虑语篇分析的方法,并把语篇分析的方法应用到英语听力教学中。
1.语篇分析
语篇分析指的是语言与语言所处语境之间的关系。实际上语篇分析不仅仅局限于这一点,语篇分析还应该指连贯理论、图式理论、关联理论。语篇分析不是独立于语言目的与功能之外的一种单纯的语言形式的分析。在英语听力过程中,语篇分析主要体现在它的连贯理论等三个方面。
(1)连贯理论不仅仅是语篇分析的核心,也是一种思维方式。在文章的发展与理解方面发挥着非常重要的作用。从某种程度上讲,语言知识应该是一种关联理论的知识。
(2)图式理论起源于1920s,图式理论目前别广泛应用与英语阅读、听力、写作当中。根据图式理论,阅读应该是一个听力接收者背景知识和篇章交互运动的过程;也是新旧知识交互的过程;同时,还是分享知识和听者、作者、读者、说话人之间的过程规则互动实现的过程。
(3)关联理论主要是从认知方面解释语篇关联关系。从语篇解释中获取内心认知信息。他的主要目的也是解释连贯关系并不断完善连贯关系的内容。
2.语篇分析理论在英语听力中的应用
下面以大学英语四级英语听力为例子来阐释语篇分析理论在英语听力中的应用。下面的材料摘自2005年12月份大学英语四级
W: So what are the main times of the day that you watch TV?
M: Well, a little around breakfast time and then it tends to be really late---11:00 or even midnight---when I’ve finished work.
W: And what sort of programs do you go for?
M: Some news bulletins but I also really like to put my feet up with some of the old comedy shows.
W: Fine. And turning to the new channel… What type of programs would you like to see more of?
M: Well, I certainly don’t think we need any more factual programs like news and interviews. I think we need more about things like local information… you know, providing a service for the community, perhaps more for younger viewers… you know, good quality stuff.
W: Ah ha. And if you had to give the new directors some specific advice when they set up the channel, what advice would you give them?
M: I think I’d advise them to pay a lot of attention to the quality of the actual broadcast, you know, the more of these kinds of interview, talking with their potential customers.
W:Oh, I’m glad you think it’s valuable.
M: Certainly…yeah.
W: OK. This will be a commercial channel of course, but how often do you think it is tolerable to have adverts?
M: Well, out of that list I’d say every quarter of an hour. I don’t think we can complain about that, as long as they don’t last for ten minutes each time.
W: Thank you very much.
2.1预听阶段
针对这样的听力材料,教师应该在预听阶段通过听力直接给出听力材料的题目然后让学生针对以下问题开始一个讨论任务。
What does the time mean? What is program? Just guess.
What are the news bulletins and old comedies? Describe it.
At what time does the man mainly watch TV?
What would the man like to see more of on the new channel?
What are the factual programs?
What do you think about the local information and the quality of the actual broadcast and customers?
显然要回答出这些问题,学生会表现地非常积极主动。他们会努力的寻找关于"time","program","bulletins","oldcomedies"和thefactualprograms的相关知识。如此一来,常识、语言知识和语篇知识因素就都别考虑进来以引起学生的兴趣并做好了认真开始视听任务的准备。
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